Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss among adults over 50—and often progresses with few warning signs. But the earlier AMD is detected and diagnosed, the more options there are to help preserve your vision.
If you’re searching for information about age-related macular degeneration diagnosis, this guide breaks down everything you need to know, including how the team at True Eye supports you with expert, evidence-based care.
What Is Age-Related Macular Degeneration?
AMD is a chronic eye disease that affects the macula—the central part of your retina responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision. It can lead to significant vision loss over time, especially without early intervention.
There are two main types of AMD:
- Dry (non-exudative) AMD is the more common form, where small yellow deposits called drusen form under the retina. Over time, the retinal tissue can thin and atrophy.
- Wet (exudative or neovascular) AMD is less common but more severe. It involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina, which can leak fluid or blood, causing rapid vision loss.
A third category you may hear about is geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of dry AMD where cells in the macula die off in defined patches.
How Is Age-Related Macular Degeneration Diagnosed?
At True Eye, we use a comprehensive, multi-step approach based on current American Academy of Ophthalmology guidelines. Here’s how an AMD diagnosis is typically made:
1. Comprehensive Dilated Eye Exam
Your provider carefully examines the retina and macula for drusen, pigment changes, or signs of fluid or bleeding. Dilation is essential for a clear view.
2. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
OCT is a non-invasive imaging scan that produces detailed cross-sectional images of your retina. It helps detect fluid under the retina (a hallmark of wet AMD) and measure macular thickness.
3. Fundus Photography and Autofluorescence
These imaging methods help document the retina and detect areas of stress, damage, or cell loss. They’re valuable for tracking progression over time.
4. Fluorescein Angiography (FA)
If wet AMD is suspected, your doctor may use this test. It involves injecting a dye into your bloodstream to map abnormal blood vessels in the retina.
5. Home Monitoring Tools
While not diagnostic on their own, tools like the Amsler grid can help patients detect changes in vision at home. Some patients may benefit from using ForeseeHome, an FDA-cleared remote monitoring system designed to catch conversion from dry to wet AMD earlier.
What Are the Stages of AMD?
Understanding your stage is essential for treatment planning:
- Early AMD: Medium-sized drusen, no vision loss.
- Intermediate AMD: Large drusen and/or pigment changes. At this stage, AREDS2 supplements are often recommended.
- Advanced AMD: Includes wet AMD or geographic atrophy. Treatment is typically required to slow vision loss.
Current Treatments for AMD
Anti-VEGF Injections (for Wet AMD)
Medications like Lucentis, Eylea, and Vabysmo are injected into the eye to stop abnormal blood vessels from growing and leaking. They are the gold standard for managing wet AMD and have helped many patients maintain functional vision.
Complement Inhibitor Therapy (for GA)
In recent years, new FDA-approved treatments for geographic atrophy have emerged. These include Syfovre (pegcetacoplan) and Izervay (avacincaptad pegol). While these treatments don’t reverse damage, they can slow progression.
AREDS2 Supplements
The AREDS2 formulation is recommended for people with intermediate AMD or advanced AMD in one eye. It contains specific vitamins and minerals shown to reduce the risk of progression. Smokers should avoid beta-carotene formulations and use lutein and zeaxanthin instead.
Lifestyle Adjustments
- Quit smoking: Smoking is the top modifiable risk factor for AMD. Quitting significantly lowers your risk.
- Eat a healthy diet: Leafy greens, fish rich in omega-3s, and antioxidant-rich fruits may help protect the retina.
- Wear UV-blocking sunglasses: Sun protection reduces stress on the retina.
How True Eye Supports Your AMD Diagnosis and Care
At True Eye, we provide a tailored experience designed to catch AMD early and manage it effectively. Here’s how we help:
- Comprehensive eye exams with OCT and retinal imaging
- Personalized staging and diagnosis of AMD
- Coordination with retina specialists for treatment when needed
- AREDS2 supplement guidance based on your stage and medical history
- Patient education on home monitoring and lifestyle habits
If you’ve been diagnosed with AMD—or suspect you may be at risk—we’re here to give you clarity and confidence in your care plan.
When Should You Get Checked?
You should receive a baseline macular evaluation if you are:
- Over age 50
- Experiencing changes in central vision (blurriness, distortion, blank spots)
- At increased risk due to family history, smoking, or chronic health conditions
If you’ve been previously diagnosed with AMD, you may need follow-ups every 6 to 12 months—or more often—depending on the severity and type.
Schedule Your Macular Exam at True Eye
Getting an accurate age-related macular degeneration diagnosis is the first step in protecting your vision. At True Eye, we combine expert care with cutting-edge diagnostics and a compassionate team that’s here for you at every step.
Contact us today to schedule your comprehensive AMD evaluation. Let’s keep your future in focus.
